Welcome to the Health Quest Glossary Page!

Select a letter from the list below to jump to the appropriate section of the glossary. If a term you expect to find here is not listed, please let us know and we will try to include it upon revision.

A-C |  D-F |  G-I |  J-M |  N-P |  Q-S |  T-Z  
Abatement:

The act of reducing or removing something. For example, lead abatement means removing lead from a home.

Absorption:

The act of taking up something like a sponge absorbs water.

Alchemist:

A person who tries to change a metal, such as lead, into gold by using a medieval chemical science and philosophy called Alchemy.

Alveoli:

Tiny air sacs at the end of the respiratory tree in the lungs. Alveoli are the part of the respiratory tree where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air in the lungs and the blood.

Anemia:

An illness that occurs when the blood does not carry enough hemoglobin and/or red blood cells. Anemia can lead to a decrease in oxygen to the tissues.

Antibody:

A protein made by a type of white blood cells (plasma cells) in the body. Antibodies are made in fight and rid the body of foreign substances like bacteria.

Arteries:

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Assay:

A laboratory test used to find the amount of a substance.

Assess:

To decide the importance, value or size of something.

Asthma:

Asthma is a lung disease that causes problems with breathing. Asthma affects the bronchi and bronchioles of the lung airways. The bronchi and bronchioles become narrower because the muscles around them tighten, their inner linings swell, and extra mucus is formed.

Binding Sites:

The place for attachment

BLL:

Blood lead level; amount of lead in your blood in micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL).

Blood Pressure:

The amount of pressure that is in the blood vessels during contraction and relaxation of the heart. Blood pressure is usually given as the systolic (pressure when the heart contracts) over the diastolic (pressure when the heart relaxes). Normal blood pressure is usually around 120/80.

Blood Vessels:

Tube like structures in the body that carry blood to and from the heart. The largest blood vessels leaving the right side of the heart and are called arteries, they lead to arterioles and then capillaries. The capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body. Oxygen leaves the capillaries and carbon dioxide enters the capillaries in the tissues of the body. The capillaries lead to venules, veins and then the vena cava back to the left side of the heart. Blood then travels to the lungs to get more oxygen before going back to the right side of the heart to go through the cycle again.

Bone Marrow:

The inner most part of the bone where blood cells are made and move into the blood stream.

Bronchi:

The part of the respiratory tree between the windpipe (trachea) and the bronchioles.

Bronchiole:

Tiny, thin-walled branches of the respiratory tree in the lungs leading from the bronchi (larger airways) to the alveoli smallest part of the respiratory tree.

Capillaries:

The smallest blood vessels in the body. The vessels that deliver food to and receive waste from the tissues.

Centrifuge:

A machine used to separate solutions into layers of different density by spinning. Often it is used to separate a supernatant (liquid) from the precipitate (solid) in a mixture.

Cistern:

A large container used at the dinner table during ancient times.

Cognitive:

The act of thinking or knowing that includes awareness and judgment.

Colic:

Sharp stomach pains caused by cramping, blockage or twisting of the stomach.

Coma:

A very deep state of unconsciousness.

Complex:

Individual parts put together as a whole.

Control:

The part of the experiment that is considered normal and does not go through test conditions. The control is the part of an experiment that is used to compare a normal situation to the experimental situation.

Cornea:

The clear covering over the front of the eye, directly over the pupil and iris.

Cross-Section:

To cut across something with a single slice.

Culture:

To grow outside the body usually in a test tube or flask.

Culture Flask:

A container with large base used to grow cells.

Deciliter (dL):

One tenth of a liter.

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Demolition:

Destruction of buildings by means of explosives and other devices.

Diastolic Blood Pressure:

The pressure (force against blood vessel walls) when the heart is relaxed.

Dolomite:

A mineral that forms different layers of rock.

Element:

A substance that contains all atoms of the same kind or type.

Exposure:

To come in contact with something.

Extraction:

To remove.

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Gamma Counter:

A machine often used in a laboratory to measure the amounts of radioactivity in a sample. This machine is used to count gamma radiation that is part of the nucleus of an atom.

Galena:

A bluish gray metallic metal containing lead and sulfur.

Geiger Counter:

A machine used to find the presence or amount of radioactivity.

Glaucoma:

A disease of the eye resulting from an increase in fluid pressure. Glaucoma may result in blindness because of increased pressure causing damage to the optic nerve (nerve connecting the eye to the brain).

Hemoglobin:

The oxygen-carrying portion of a red blood cell.

Homeostasis:

Remaining stable, constant or unchanging.

Hypertension:

Normal blood pressure in adults is usually equal to 120/80 (systolic pressure/diastolic pressure). High normal values are 130-139/85-89. If a person's blood pressure is 140/90 or above, they are considered to have high blood pressure (hypertension), and require a doctor's attention immediately.

Hypothesis:

A testable prediction.

Import:

To bring in from the outside. For example, imported items to the United States are made and brought in from other countries.

Incubator:

A machine similar to an oven that is used in a laboratory to keep a warm and moist environment. Often the gas mixture in an incubator is also controlled.

Ingestion:

Means to swallow.

Inhalation:

Means to breath in.

Intervention:

To interrupt or prevent an action or event from happening.

I.Q. (intelligence quotient):

A number given to a person's intelligence as measured by an established testing method.

Iris:

The colored part of the eye. It contains the pupil, which is the opening in the center of the iris that controls the amount of light allowed to enter the eye.

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Lead-Based:

Containing lead.

Lens:

The part of the eye that focuses the light that enters through the pupil. It is located behind the iris.

Matrix:

A base or foundation used to build upon.

Media:

A fluid mixture that contains vitamins, minerals and other substances needed for cells to grow.

Medical Technologist:

A person with a degree and training to use laboratory equipment.

Micro (u):

One millionth of a unit of measure. A microliter (uL) is one millionth of a liter.

Microcurie (uCi):

A "curie" is the unit of measurement for radiation energy. Micro (u) means "one millionth"; therefore a microcurie is one millionth of a curie.

Microgram (ug):

gram is a unit of mass or weight. Micro (u) means "one millionth"; therefore a microgram is one millionth of a gram.

Myelin:

The soft, white protective covering of a nerve.

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Nano (n):

Nano means one billionth of a unit of measure.

Nanogram (ng):

One billionth of a gram.

Nervous System:

The nervous system of the body has two parts. The first part is the central nervous system (CNS), which is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The second part is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that is made up of all the nerves outside the CNS.

Nerve:

Groups of nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system that carry messages back and forth from the central nervous system to the organs of the body.

Optic Nerve:

The nerve that connects the retina of the eye to the brain.

Optometric:

Relating to the eye.

Organs:

A collection of cells of the same type that function to carry out one purpose. For example, the heart is an organ that has the function to pump blood throughout the body.

Osteoblasts:

The cells of the bone that are responsible for building new bone.

Osteocalcin:

A protein present in osteoid as a base for hard bone formation.

Osteoclast:

The cells of the bone that are responsible for breaking down old bone.

Osteocyte:

A mature bone cell found in adults.

Osteoid:

A protein present in newly formed bone.

Osteoporosis:

A disease of the bones where there is a lack of hard bone forming holes that causes weakness of the bone tissue.

Peak Flow:

The amount of air exhaled by an individual after inhaling the maximum amount possible.

Penetration:

Means to break or go through something.

Pipette:

A plastic or glass tube used to draw up liquid and move it from one place to another.

Plug-in:

Specific programs used by an Internet browser to run a variety of specialized audio and/or video files.

Precipitate:

The solid part of a mixture.

Probability:

The chance that an event will occur.

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Radioactive:

Anything that gives off atomic energy or particles. Radioactivity can be measured through special instruments such as a Geiger counter or a gamma counter.

Radioimmunoassay (RIA):

A laboratory technique utilizing radioactivity and antibodies to measure the unknown amount of a protein in an experiment.

Refinish:

To remove the old topcoat and add a new one.

Research:

The act of carefully looking for something.

Respiratory Tree:

The airways of the body that move in and out of the lungs.

Retina:

The part of the eye where the image, which is formed by the lens, is received by the eye.

Routes of Exposure:

The different ways you can come into contact with something.

Salve:

A smooth, greasy, and sticky substance used on wounds or sores.

Salve:

A smooth, greasy, and sticky substance used on wounds or sores.

Sclera:

The thick yellow-white covering of the eyeball surrounding the iris.

Screening Test:

An initial test used to quickly check for a disease. A screening test is always followed by a test that takes longer but is more accurate.

Scurvy:

Disease caused by a lack of vitamin C.

Skeleton:

The collection of bones that support and protect the body's muscles and organs.

Smelt:

To melt or fuse metal.

Snellen Eye Chart:

A standard chart an optometrist (eye doctor) uses to check vision.

Sphygmomanometer:

An instrument used for measuring blood pressure.

Spirometry:

A machine that measures the flow of air in and out of the lungs.

Stabilizer:

Something added to stop breakdown of a product or make it easier to handle.

Standard Curve:

A graph of data that is made from information based on known amounts of a substance. A Standard Curve is used to compare unknown amounts of substance from an experiment to the known values on the standard curve.

Sterility:

Not able to produce children or offspring.

Supernatant:

The liquid part of a mixture.

Synapse:

The area between two nerves where they communicate.

Synthesis:

To make something, to put together using energy. The opposite of metabolize which is to break apart.

Systolic Pressure:

The pressure (force against blood vessel walls) when the heart is contracting or pumping blood out to the body.

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Threshold:

The place or point at which things will change.

Tibia:

The large bone of the lower leg between the knee and the ankle.

Timeline:

A list of events in the order that they happen.

Topsoil:

The upper level of soil (6 inches) .

Toxicology:

The study of hazardous substances or poisons.

Transplacental:

Meaning across the placenta. The placenta is the organ in a pregnant woman that connects the baby to the mother. The placenta contains the umbilical cord that transfers the baby's food, gas and waste between child and mother before birth.

Urban:

Anything related to a city.

Vaporize:

To change from a liquid form into a gas.

Veins:

|Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.

Visual Acuity:

Visual sharpness, or the ability of your eyes to see clearly.

Vitreous Cavity:

Part of the eye that contains the clear liquid (vitreous humor) located behind the lens and in front of the retina.

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